Motivationhygiene theory is also known as herzbergs twofactor theory or herzbergs dualfactor theory 1959. This paper critically examines frederick herzberg s two factor theory and assesses its application and relevance in understanding the essential factors that motivate the ghanaian worker. These are just a few of the available theories of motivation that i could have used for the basis of my research. Towards understanding controversy on herzberg theory of. The key factor that differentiates twofactor theory is. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and job satisfaction. The twofactor theory developed from data collected by herzberg from interviews with 203 engineers and. Teori ini dikembangkan oleh frederick irving herzberg 19232000, seorang psikolog asal amerika serikat.
The two factors that had an effect on job satisfaction were divided into two sets of categories. He published his findings in the 1959 book the motivation to work. The presence of motivators causes employees to work harder. You can leverage this theory to help you get the best performance from your team. The herzberg two factor theory is a theory about motivation of employees. According to herzberg, there are some job factors that result in satisfaction while there are other job factors that prevent dissatisfaction. The twofactor theory also known as herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and dualfactor theory states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. These results form the basis of herzbergs motivationhygiene theory sometimes known as herzbergs two factor theory. Another criticism on herzbergs twofactor theory is that it disregards the individual differences. The main concept of this theory is the difference between motivation factors and hygiene factors. Herzbergs two factor theory is one of the most well known theories of motivation.
The model is claimed to be applicable regardless of gender, age, occupational level and so on. Retrieved fdederick 20, in he married shirley bedell. The two factors identified by herzberg are motivators and hygiene factors. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory two factor theory to better understand employee attitudes and motivation, frederick herzberg performed studies to determine which factors in an employees work environment caused satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Frederick herzberg the hygiene motivation theory cmi. From this data, the original hypothesis was restated and became the twofactor theory of job satisfaction herzberg et al. Accordingly, herzbergs twofactor theory posits that a good leader would give motivation to the members of staff in the organisation so that they would do their job well yusoff et al. On the other hand, frederick herzberg is an american psychologist, who coined out the concept of job enrichment and twofactor theory on motivation based on rewards and incentives. The findings of the study support the twofactor theory of work motivation.
Herzberg analysed the job attitudes of 200 accountants and engineers who were asked to recall when they had felt positive or negative at work and the reasons why. Herzberg s twofactor theory of motivation in 1959, frederick herzberg, a behavioural scientist proposed a twofactor theory or the motivatorhygiene theory. In 1959, frederick herzberg, a behavioural scientist proposed a twofactor theory or the motivatorhygiene theory. Herzbergs twofactor theory divides motivation and job satisfaction into two groups of factors known as the motivation factors and hygiene factors. After reading it, you understand the core of this effectiveness theory about motivating your employees what is the herzberg two factor theory of motivation. This theory, also called the motivationhygiene theory or the dualfactor theory, was penned by frederick herzberg in 1959. Henry mintzberg organizational configurations december 18, in his lifetime, herzberg had fredeeick for many organizations as well as for the united states and other foreign governments. This theory assumes on the one hand, that employees can be dissatisfied with their jobs.
Herzberg s theory of motivation tries to get to the root of motivation in the workplace. Herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation is widely known in management circles. Herzbergs twofactor theory of work motivation tested. Munich personal repec archive herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and job satisfaction in the malaysian retail sector. Herzberg, mausner, and snyderman 1959 developed the twofactor theory of job satisfaction. Two factor theory of motivation by frederick herzberg toolshero. The main purpose of this article is to point out the motivatorhygiene factors that have a.
Pdf herzbergs twofactor theory 1 herzbergs twofactor. However, it has been criticized regarding its validity in different work settings. Frederick herzberg was a behavioral scientist who explored the factors that make employees feel satisfied or dissatisfied. Check out this article to know the differences between maslow and herzbergs theory on motivation. This theory of motivation is known as a two factor content theory. Herzberg was the first to show that satisfaction and dissatisfaction at work nearly always arose from different factors, and were not simply opposing reactions to the same factors, as had always previously been believed. It was developed by psychologist frederick herzberg.
Frederick herzberg developed one of the bestknown theories of people management. Herzbergs motivatorhygiene theory introduction to business. First discussed in 1959s motivation to work, his influential two factor theory aka hygienemotivation theory established how workplace factors can impact our motivation levels in two very different ways. In the late 1950s, herzberg surveyed numerous employees to find out. Teori dua faktor juga dikenal sebagai teori motivasi herzberg atau teori hygienemotivator.
According to frederick herzberg, the motivating factors are the six job content factors that include achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement, and possibility of. This theory is closely related to maslows hierarchy of needs but relates more specifically to how individuals are motivated in work place. In other words, simply feeling arousal is not enough. This study identifies the effects of motivators and hygiene factors on public managers job satisfaction, and finds out if there is difference, compared to how privatesector employees are motivated. When applied to work motivatio n, the theory can be explained as follo w. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and job satisfaction in the.
Job dissatisfaction, job satisfaction, herzbergs motivationhygiene theory, herzbergs twofactor theory. Herzbergs work focused on the individual in the workplace, but it has been popular with managers as it also emphasised the importance of management knowledge and expertise. The purpose of the study is to develop the herzberg theory and its possible. The twofactor theory of motivation explains the factors that employees find satisfying and dissatisfying about their jobs. Herzeeflg twofactor theory developwr herzbergs twofactor theory of jobsatisfaction is not new, as a ratter of fact, it dates back to 1959 a is the outgrowth of a research study project on job attitudes conducted by herzberg, mausner and snyderman. Twofactor theory, theory of worker motivation, formulated by frederick herzberg, which holds that employee job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are influenced by separate factors.
He found that there are certain characteristics that can be aligned with job satisfaction and other characteristics that are consistent with job dissatisfaction. This paper critically examines frederick herzbergs twofactor theory and assesses its application and relevance in understanding the essential factors that motivate the ghanaian worker. Given the limitations in providing monetary rewards as an incentive in the public sector, herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation can be promising if it is applicable to public employees. The first category was associated with the need for growth or selfactualisation, and became known as the motivation factors. In fact, from a practical perspective, the influence of herzbergs motivation theory can be seen at every organizational level as well as within every department. What are the basic components of herzbergs motivatorhygiene theory. In this research there are eight factors under the variable of hygiene factors namely are pay, coworker relations, company policies and practices. Furthermore, it was investigated whether seasonal workers could be divided into worker subgroups on the basis of their work motivation. He attempted to shed more light on the concept of work motivation.
Herzbergs two factor theory was an easy choice as the focal point of my research. Herzbergs twofactor theory 1 herzbergs twofactor theory of job satisfaction. Herzbergs twofactor theory 3 herzberg published the twofactor theory of work motivation in 1959. A structural equations model tested herzbergs twofactor theory of work motivation empirically. The basic theory of this research is the herzbergs two factor theory, concretely motivational and hygienic factors. In his lifetime, herzberg had consulted for many organizations as well as for the united states and other foreign governments.
Content theories of motivation herzberg s motivation theory is one of the content theories of motivation. His study led to the herzberghygiene theory, which is also known as the herzberg two factor theory. What is the herzberg two factor theory of motivation. Another goal is to see which of the two factors of herzberg theory have more impact in raising the productivity of the employees in the retail industry. This often has something to do with socalled hygiene factors, such as salary and work conditions. This report presents a summary of the herzberg twofactor theory c job satisfaction. These factors are the hygiene factors and motivators. The result of this research became known as herzbergs hygiene theory or the two factor theory and showed that those factors that gave a person satisfaction at work and those that resulted in dissatisfaction are quite different in nature. Herzberg two factor theory human resource management. Another important contribution to our understanding of individual motivation came from frederick herzberg s studies, which addressed the question, what do people really want from their work experience. Testing herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation in the.
One such theory of motivation is herzbergs two factor theory. The first piece of research that interests us was undertaken by fredrick herzberg in 1959 to investigate satisfaction at work. For example, bad working conditions are likely to be a source of dissatisfaction, but excellent working conditions. The twofactor theory was tested by many other researchers. Frederick herzbergs two factor theory explanined peakon. The theory was highly controversial at the time it was published, claims to be the most replicated study in this area, and provided the foundation for numerous other theories and frameworks in human resource development herzberg, 1987. Application of frederick herzbergs twofactor theory in assessing and understanding employee motivation at work. Herzberg study was restated and then changed to the twofactor theory of job satisfaction. The two factor theory has had a considerable amount of practical and as well as theoretical influences.
Stello department of organizational leadership, policy, and development college of education and human development university of minnesota herzberg s twofactor theory 2 abstract herzberg published the twofactor theory of. Based on his research, herzberg argued that meeting the lower level needs hygiene factors of. Employee needs and motivation boundless management. The two factor theory by herzberg is a theory about motivation of employees. Content theories of motivation herzbergs motivation theory is one of the content theories of motivation. The twofactor theory of emotion focuses on the interaction between physical arousal and how we cognitively label that arousal. These attempt to explain the factors that motivate individuals through identifying and satisfying their individual needs, desires and the aims pursued to satisfy these desires. Herzbergs motivation hygiene theory applied to high. The impact of herzbergs two factor theory and efficiency. How do you motivate employees, the conclusions he drew were extraordinarily influential, and still form the bedrock of good motivational practice nearly half a century later. Herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation applied to the. From a theoretical perspective, herzbergs motivation theory can be perceived as having similarities to maslows theory of need. This theory of motivation is known as a two factor content.
It is based upon the deceptively simple idea that motivation can be dichotomised. This article explains the herzberg two factor theory of motivation in a practical way. Herzbergs motivation hygiene theory herzbergs motivation hygiene theory is often called the two factor theory and focuses on those sources of motivation which are pertinent to the accomplishment of work hall and williams 1986, 6. These two factors that have an effect on job satisfaction are divided into two sets of categories. Application of frederick herzbergs twofactor theory in. Herzberg describes the growth factors or motivators as achievement, recognition for achievement, the work itself, responsibility, and growth or advancement, which are intrinsic.
The twofactor theory also known as herzbergs motivationhygiene theory states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. Herzbergs two factor theory and hypothesis is developed based on those two factors. It was developed by frederick herzberg, a psychologist, who theorized that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction act independently of each other. On the other hand, motivators are the real factors that motivate employees at work. The main underlying basis of his theory is that there are factors that cause motivation and those which cause dissatisfaction. Herzbergs twofactor theory of job satisfaction dtic. Herzbergs twofactor theory, mcclellands need theory, and maslows hierarchy of needs all talk about higherlevel psychological needs such as achievement, recognition, responsibility, and advancement. The twofactor theory also known as herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and dualfactor theory states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction, all of which act independently of each other. An extensive amount of research has been conducted based on this theory.
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